Weeping by the Patient and The Baiah

Below are my final notes for Lesson 174 which cover Hadeeth 663 and 664. Although I'm some way behind in terms of typing up and posting my notes (the Shaykh delivered Lesson 194 of the Book of Zakah on Friday) I'm working through them in order. Please pray Allah puts barakah in my time and allows me to keep making progress insha'Allah.

---

باب: البُكَاءُ عِنْدَ المَرِيض

CHAPTER 24. To weep near a patient.

663. عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: اشْتَكى سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ شَكْوَى لَهُ, فَأَتَاهُ النّبِيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَعُودُهُ, مَعَ عَبْدِ الرّحْمنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ, وَسَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقّاصٍ, وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ, رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ, فَلَمّا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ, فَوَجَدَهُ فِي غاشِيَةِ أَهْلِهِ, فَقَالَ: (قَدْ قَضى). قَالُوا: لاَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ, فَبَكى النّبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم, فَلَمّا رَأَى الْقَوْمُ بُكاءَ النّبِيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بَكَوْا, فَقَالَ: (أَلاَ تَسْمَعُونَ, إِنّ اللهَ لاَ يُعَذّبُ بِدَمْعِ الْعَيْنِ, وَلاَ بِحُزْنِ الْقَلْبِ, وَلكِنْ يُعَذّبُ بِهذَا وَأَشَارَ إِلَى لِسَانِهِ أَوْ يَرْحَمُ, وَإِنّ المَيّتَ يُعَذّبُ بِبُكَاءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ). رواه البخاري: 1304

663. Narrated ‘Abdullâh bin ‘Umar رضى الله عنهما : Sa’d bin ‘Ubâda became sick and the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم along with ‘Abdur Rahmân bin ‘Auf, Sa’d bin Abi Waqqâs and ‘Abdullâh bin Mas’ud رضى الله عنهم visited him to enquire about his health. When he came to him, he found him surrounded by his household and he asked, Has he died? They said, No, O Allâh’s Messenger. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم wept and when the people saw the weeping of Allâh’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم , they all wept. He said, Will you listen? Allâh does not punish for shedding tears, nor for the grief of the heart but he punishes because of this or bestows His Mercy. He pointed to his tongue and added, The deceased is punished for the wailing of his relatives over him (2:391O.B.).

Hadeeth 663 – This hadeeth refers to Saad bin Ubadah (رضى الله عنها) who was one of the famous Ansaari companions and was the leader of the Khazraj tribe. He fell very ill and from this hadeeth we learn about the Prophet's (صلى الله عليه وسلم) concern for the ummah. He would weep at the condition of the ummah.

The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) and the sahabah would share everything. They would share things even if they were in need themselves. Shaykh Riyadh ul Haq reminded us that we should take time to visit the sick, go to funerals etc. We don't want to give time as what little time we have we want to spend for our own leisure time.

The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) went with a group of companions. Saad bin Ubadah’s (رضى الله عنها) family members were hovering over him and serving him when the Prophet arrived. The Prophet's first question on arrival was 'Has he passed away?' When the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) was told that he was still alive, he came close and saw the condition of Saad bin Ubadah (رضى الله عنها), and then wept. The sahabah then wept when seeing the condition of the sahabi. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said Allah does not punish due to tears or grief of the heart, but the tongue. The tongue can be responsible for so much good and bad. At the time of grief and sorrow, one must be careful not to blaspheme.

باب: مَا يُنْهَى عَنِ النّوْحِ وَالبُكَاءِ وَالزّجْرِ عَن ذلِك

CHAPTER 25.- Chapter of what is forbidden of wailing and weeping, and Chapter of
Admonishing Over This.

664. عَنْ أُمّ عَطِيّةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: أَخَذَ عَلَيْنَا النّبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عِنْدَ الْبَيْعَةِ أَنْ لاَ نَنُوحَ, فَمَا وَفَتْ مِنّا امْرَأَةٌ غَيْرُ خَمْسِ نِسْوَةٍ: أُمّ سُلَيْمٍ, وَأُمّ الْعَلاَءِ, وَابْنَةُ أَبِي سَبْرَةَ امْرَأَةُ مُعَاذٍ, وَامْرَأَتَانِ. أَوِ: ابْنَةُ أَبِي سَبْرَةَ, وَامْرَأَةُ مُعَاذٍ, وَامْرَأَةٌ اخْرَى. رواه البخاري:

664. Narrated Umm ‘Atiyya رضى الله عنها : At the time of giving the (Bai’â) pledge to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم one of the conditions was that we would not wail, but it was not fulfilled except by five women and they were Umm Sulaim, Umm Al’Alâ’, the daughter of Abu Sabra, the wife of Mu’âdh, and two other women; or the daughter of Abu Sabra and the wife of Mu’adh and another woman. (2:393O.B.)

Hadeeth 664 – When a person gives baiah, they are giving baiah to Allah not to a person. The person is just a means. A baiah to an Amir, Khalifah or a Shaykh is not a pledge to that individual, rather the baiah is ultimately to Allah. When the sahabah gave the baiah to the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم), it was to Allah through the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم). Thus, the baiah should not be misunderstood or portrayed in an incorrect manner.

Umm Atiyya (رضى الله عنها) narrates this hadeeth about a pledge that some women gave to the Prophet.

In Surah Al Mumtahinah, the words of baiah for women are mentioned which include the following word ‘Oh Prophet of Allah, when the believing women come to you to pledge their oath of allegiance to you, pledging what; that they will not ascribe any partner unto Allah, they will not steal, they will not commit adultery, they will not practice infanticide, they will not create slander, they will not disobey in any good then Oh Messenger of Allah, accept their pledge of allegiance and seek Allah’s forgiveness on their behalf'. These are just some of the things that the women would give baiah upon. The baiah wasn’t restricted to this, as we learn from other hadeeth e.g. some sahabah gave a pledge that they would never ask anyone for anything.

In the hadeeth it is mentioned that a group of women pledged to the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) that they would not wail (the haraam wailing as discussed in previous lessons). Umm Atiya (رضى الله عنها) says that from that group not all were able to keep the promise – only the five mentioned in the hadeeth were able to do so; Umm Sulaim, Umm Al’Alâ (She is the sahabiyat who narrates the story of Uthman bin Mazun (رضى الله عنها) (see my previous notes)’, the daughter of Abu Sabra who was the wife of Mu’âdh, and two other women; or the narrator says Umm Sulaim (رضى الله عنها), Umm Al’Alâ (رضى الله عنها) the daughter of Abu Sabra and the wife of Mu’adh and another woman. One of the narrators lower down has made an error and could not remember exactly what his teacher had told him.

Charity Begins At Home

Below are the final part of my notes from Lesson 172 in which Hadeeth 658 was covered.

---

باب: رَثَي النّبِيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم سَعْدَ بْنَ خَولَة

Chapter 19. Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم mourned Sa'd bin Khaula.

The literal translation of the chapter heading is ‘The Prophet eulogised Sa'd bin Khaula’ but the more meaningful translation is the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) mourned Sa'd bin Khaula (رضى الله عنه). Imam Bukhari (رحمة الله عليه) is trying to show that mourning and weeping is permissible as long as they remain in the confines of the Shariah.

658. عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقّاصٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَعُودُنِي عامَ حَجّةِ الْوَدَاعِ, مِنْ وَجَعٍ اشْتَدّ بِي, فَقُلْتُ: إِنّي قَدْ بَلَغَ بِي مِنَ الْوَجَعِ ما ترى, وَأَنَا ذُو مَالٍ, وَلاَ يَرِثُنِي إِلاّ ابْنَةٌ, أَفَأَتَصَدّقُ بِثُلُثَيْ مالِي قَالَ: (لاَ). فَقُلْتُ: بِالشّطْرِ فَقَالَ: (لاَ). ثُمّ قَالَ: (الثّلُثُ وَالثّلُثُ كَبِيرٌ, أَوْ كَثِيرٌ, إِنّكَ أَنْ تَذَرَ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ, خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَذَرَهُمْ عالَةً يَتَكَفّفُونَ النّاسَ, وَإِنّكَ لَنْ تُنْفِقَ نَفَقَةً تَبْتَغِي بِهَا وَجْهَ اللهِ إِلاّ أُجِرْتَ بِهَا, حَتّى ما تَجْعَلُ فِي فِي امْرَأَتِكَ). فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ, أُخَلّفُ بَعْدَ أَصْحَابِي قَالَ: (إِنّكَ لَنْ تُخَلّفَ فَتَعْمَلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا إِلاّ ازْدَدْتَ بِهِ دَرَجَةً وَرِفْعَةً, ثُمّ لَعَلّكَ أَنْ تُخَلّفَ حَتّى يَنْتَفِعَ بِكَ أَقْوَامٌ, وَيُضَرّ بِكَ اَخَرُونَ, اللّهُمّ أَمْضِ لأَصْحَابِي هِجْرَتَهُمْ وَلاَ تَرُدّهُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ, لكنِ الْبَائِسُ سَعْدُ بْنُ خَوْلَةَ). يَرْثِي لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ ماتَ بِمَكّةَ. رواه البخاري: 1295

658. Narrated Sa'd bin Abi Waqqâs رضى الله عنه : In the year of the last Hajj of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم , I became seriously ill and the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم visited me enquiring about my health. I told him, I am reduced to this state because of illness and I am wealthy and have no inheritors except a daughter. Should I give two-thirds of my property in charity'? He said, No. I asked, Half? He said, No, then he added, One-third, and even one-third is much. You'd better leave your inheritors wealthy rather than leaving them poor, begging others. You will get a reward for whatever you spend for Allâh's sake, even for what you put in your wife's mouth. I said, O Allâh's Messenger! Will I be left alone after my companions have gone? He said, If you are left behind, whatever good deeds you will do, will upgrade you and raise you high. And perhaps you will have a long life so that some people will be benefited by you while others will be harmed by you. O Allâh! Complete the emigration of my companions and do not turn them renegades. But Allâh's Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم felt sorry for poor Sa'd bin Khaula as he died in Makka (but Sa'd bin Abi Waqqâs lived long after the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم (O.B 2:383.)

Sa'd bin Abi Waqqâs (رضى الله عنه) joined the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) in the farewell pilgrimage. However, he became severely ill and the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) came to visit him. He felt that he wouldn’t live for much longer and he said to the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) that you can see my pain and suffering i.e. that he may die soon. He said he has a lot of wealth but no heirs or successors except one daughter. He enquired whether he should give two-thirds of his wealth in charity but the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said no. He then asked the same about half. Again, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said ‘no’. He then said one-third. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said yes but said that this is also excessive. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said that it is far better than he leaves it for his family so they are self-sufficient and not left to beg, for charity begins at home. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) encouraged him by informing him that he would be rewarded for spending on his family and daughter. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said that even placing a morsel of food in the mouth of your wife is sadaqah. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) gave him a very succinct explanation of charity. One should not forget one’s wife, children or family in charity. One has a duty and responsibility to look after one’s family and in this there is a reward if done with the correct intention

Sa'd bin Abi Waqqâs (رضى الله عنه) enquired whether he would be left behind in Makkah. Why didn’t he want to be left in Makkah, in the holiest place where he was born and his family had lived? He was approximately 33 years old at the time. Sa'd bin Abi Waqqâs (رضى الله عنه) had done hijrah from Makkah to Madinah with the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم). For the sahabah, this was the deed that they cherished the most – they left everything behind and felt that they would never go back to that which they had left for the sake of Allah. Hence, they wanted to die in Madinah or elsewhere but not in Makkah which they had left for the sake of Allah. Hence, he did not want any reduction in his reward for the hijrah. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) replied that you will never be left behind – even if you are left behind, any good deeds that you do, will result in your status being raised in the sight of Allah. But, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said that it is quite possible that your companions will die and you shall live on, so much so that some will benefit from you whilst others will suffer because of you. Sa'd bin Abi Waqqâs (رضى الله عنه) went on to recover from his illness and join the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) in Madinah. He lived on for another 48 years and became the commander of the Muslim armies. He was the conqueror of Iraq, and the destroyer of the armies of Persia. This is why the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said ‘Some will benefit from you whilst others will suffer because of you’. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) made a du’a that ‘O Allah! Allow the emigration of my companions to reach its completion and do not turn them back on their heels’. The Prophet’s (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prayer was accepted for all of these companions.

The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said ‘Poor Sa'd bin Khaula. Poor Sa'd bin Khaula’ – he also fell ill and passed away on the farewell pilgrimage in Makkah. Sa'd bin Abi Waqqâs (رضى الله عنه) survived but Sa'd bin Khaula (رضى الله عنه) died. This is why the chapter heading is ‘The Prophet mourned Sa'd bin Khaula’.

Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) advised about charity and went to visit the sick. The Shaykh mentioned that these were the lessons to take away from this hadeeth. We should be less selfish and visit those that are ill or in need. Secondly, with regards to charity, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) advised that you should not be so generous in charity that you are then left in need but also one should not be stingy. Hence moderation is required even when giving in charity.